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上海士鋒生物關于解旋酶結構域助酶漫步DNA的研究
點擊次數(shù):1373 發(fā)布時間:2013-4-29

解旋酶(Helicase)是一類分布廣泛的三磷酸腺苷酶(ATP酶, ATPase),在基因組代謝中具起著廣泛的作用。這項研究報道了一個先前研究中被忽視的帶有解旋酶類似結構域的ATP酶的功能,也就是說,ATP水解可以激活ATP依賴的長距離的蛋白質在DNA上的一維擴散。特別的是,使用單分子熒光顯微鏡觀察,可以看到III類限制性內切酶EcoP15I可以使用它的ATP水解酶來將自身轉變成一個不同結構的狀態(tài),然后使其在DNA上長時間長距離地擴散。這個轉化只在結合到特定的靶位點時候發(fā)生,且需要消耗約30個ATP分子。研究人員確定了這些酶的機制并展示了ATP酶活動如何參與DNA靶位點確認和一維信號傳導,從而參與如核苷酸切除修復和錯配修復等DNA常見的代謝過程。
The Helicase-Like Domains of Type III Restriction Enzymes Trigger Long-Range Diffusion Along DNA
Friedrich W. Schwarz, Júlia Tóth, Kara van Aelst, Guanshen Cui, Sylvia Clausing, Mark D. Szczelkun, Ralf Seidel
Helicases are ubiquitous adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) with widespread roles in genome metabolism. Here, we report a previously undescribed functionality for ATPases with helicase-like domains; namely, that ATP hydrolysis can trigger ATP-independent long-range protein diffusion on DNA in one dimension (1D). Specifically, using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy we show that the Type III restriction enzyme EcoP15I uses its ATPase to switch into a distinct structural state that diffuses on DNA over long distances and long times. The switching occurs only upon binding to the target site and requires hydrolysis of ~30 ATPs. We define the mechanism for these enzymes and show how ATPase activity is involved in DNA target site verification and 1D signaling, roles that are common in DNA metabolism: for example, in nucleotide excision and mismatch repair.