什么是巨噬細(xì)胞？

巨噬細(xì)胞是天然免疫系統(tǒng)特化的，存活時(shí)間長，具有吞噬作用的細(xì)胞。它們與中性粒細(xì)胞一起，是感染的第一反應(yīng)者[1]。巨噬細(xì)胞參與細(xì)胞碎片和病原體的識別、吞噬和降解[2]。巨噬細(xì)胞還在向T細(xì)胞提呈抗原以及誘導(dǎo)其他抗原呈遞細(xì)胞表達(dá)共刺激分子等方面發(fā)揮作用，從而啟動(dòng)適應(yīng)性免疫反應(yīng)[1]。此外，在炎癥初期，它們通過釋放細(xì)胞因子和趨化因子發(fā)揮重要作用，這些細(xì)胞因子和趨化因子反過來將其他免疫細(xì)胞募集到炎癥部位[3]。

巨噬細(xì)胞存在于大部分組織中，因此具有不同的功能。除了能啟動(dòng)對病原體的免疫反應(yīng)和炎癥反應(yīng)，巨噬細(xì)胞還維持組織穩(wěn)態(tài)以及組織的修復(fù)和重塑發(fā)揮作用[4] [5]。不幸的是，這種功能與許多疾病有關(guān)，包括代謝和自身免疫性疾病、癌癥、感染、肥胖和纖維化[5] [6]。因此，巨噬細(xì)胞似乎在腫瘤微環(huán)境中也起著關(guān)鍵作用，特別是在基質(zhì)重塑、血管生成、轉(zhuǎn)移和腫瘤進(jìn)展中[5]。

參考文獻(xiàn)

1.Jackson J (2016) Chapter 3: 免疫學(xué)：Host Responses to Biomaterials.In: Lee SJ, Atala A, Yoo J (editors), In Situ Tissue Regeneration: Host Cell Recruitment and Biomaterial Design.Elsevier/Academic Press. pp 35–47.

2.Rogler G (2017) Immune Cells: Monocytes and Macrophages.In: Baumgart DC (editor), Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: From Epidemiology and Immunobiology to a Rational Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach.Springer. pp 119–122.

3.Murphy K, Weaver C (2017) Janeway's Immunobiology (9th edition).New York: Garland Science.

4.Laskin DL, Sunil VR, Gardner CR et al.(2011) Macrophages and tissue injury: Agents of defense or destruction? Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 51:267–288.PMID 20887196

5.Chen Y, Zhang X (2017) Pivotal regulators of tissue homeostasis and cancer: macrophages.Exp Hematol Oncol 6:23.PMID 28804688

6.Wynn TA, Chawla A, Pollard JW (2013) Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease.Nature 496：445-455。PMID 23619691

7.Mosser DM, Edwards JP (2008) Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation.Nat Rev Immunol 8:958–969.PMID 19029990